SCAD+

3D Primitives

Function	Parameters	Description
cube	size, center, anchor, fillet, chamfer, edges, $fn	Box. `size`: number or `[x,y,z]`. Fillet > 0 convex, < 0 concave.
sphere	r, d, anchor, $fn	Icosphere. `r` = radius, `d` = diameter.
cylinder	h, r, d, r1, r2, d1, d2, center, anchor, fillet, fillet_top, fillet_bot, chamfer, chamfer_top, chamfer_bot, $fn	Cylinder or cone. `r1/r2` for conical.
torus	r1, r2, angle, $fn	Torus. `r1` = major, `r2` = minor. `angle` for partial sweep.
ellipsoid	r, rx, ry, rz, $fn	Ellipsoid. `r`: scalar or `[rx,ry,rz]`.
pipe	h, r, t, r_inner, center, anchor, fillet, chamfer, $fn	Hollow cylinder. `t` = wall thickness.
wedge	size, center, anchor	Triangular prism. `size`: scalar or `[w,d,h]`.
capsule	h, r, center, anchor, $fn	Pill shape. Sphere if `h ≤ 2r`.
rounded_cube	size, r, center, anchor, $fn	Rounded box via hull of 8 spheres.
polyhedron	points, faces	Raw mesh from vertices and face indices.
thread	d, pitch, length, starts, profile_angle, center, anchor, $fn	Helical screw thread.
spring	r, r_wire, pitch, turns, center, anchor, $fn	Helical coil wire.

2D Primitives

Use inside linear_extrude() or rotate_extrude(), or as thin top-level 3D shapes.

Function	Parameters	Description
circle	r, d, $fn	Circle. `r` = radius, `d` = diameter.
square	size, center, $fn	Rectangle. `size`: scalar or `[w,h]`.
polygon	points, paths, $fn	2D polygon from point array. `paths` for holes.
regular_polygon	r, n, $fn	Regular n-gon. `n` = sides (default 6).
hexagon	r	Alias for `regular_polygon(r, n=6)`.
slot	w, h, center, $fn	Stadium / obround shape.
star	points, r_outer, r_inner	Star polygon. `points` = number of points.

Extrusions

Function	Parameters	Description
linear_extrude	height, twist, slices, scale, center	Extrude 2D shape along Z. `scale`: scalar or `[sx,sy]`.
rotate_extrude	angle, $fn	Revolve 2D profile around Z-axis.

Transforms

Function	Parameters	Description
translate	[x, y, z]	Move children by offset vector.
rotate	[x, y, z]	Rotate children (degrees).
scale	[sx, sy, sz]	Scale children. Scalar for uniform.
color	c, alpha	Apply color (hex or CSS name) and opacity.

Boolean Operations

Function	Parameters	Description
union	children	Combine all shapes.
difference	children	First child minus the rest.
intersection	children	Keep only overlapping volume.
hull	children	Convex hull of children.
minkowski	children	Minkowski sum of children.

Control Flow

Syntax	Example	Description
for	for (i = [0:5]) { ... }	Loop. Supports `[start:end]`, `[start:step:end]`, arrays.
if / else	if (x > 0) { ... } else { ... }	Conditional geometry.
module	module name(p=1) { ... }	Define reusable module.
$fn	$fn = 64;	Global resolution (circle segments).
#	#cube(10);	Debug: highlight in translucent pink.

Layout Modules

Place inside a shape's { } block to position children relative to the parent shape.

Function	Parameters	Description
position	anchor, pad, extend, axis, mode	Place child center at parent's anchor point. No rotation.
align	face, alignment, inset, pad, extend, axis, mode	Flush child face to parent face with auto-anchoring. Standalone mode moves anchor to origin.
attach	parent_anchor, child_anchor, overlap, spin, align, pad, extend, axis, mode	Rotate child UP to parent face normal, position child_anchor at parent_anchor. BOSL2-style.
frame	size	Invisible phantom bounding box for layout. Shown as dashed wireframe.
group	children	Explicit union. Layout children use combined bounding box.

Layout Modes

Mode	Description
"add"	Default. Union child with parent.
"cut"	Subtract child from parent.
"intersect"	Keep only overlap of child and parent.

Hardware Components

Function	Parameters	Description
bolt	size, length, d, head_h, head_d, pitch, thread_length, chamfer, standard, center, $fn	ISO metric hex bolt. `size`: "M1".."M30". `standard`: "din" or "iso". Origin at head bottom.
nut	size, h, d, s, thread, pitch, chamfer, standard, center, $fn	ISO metric hex nut. `thread`: boolean for threaded bore.
enclosure	size, wall, r, fillet_top, fillet_bottom, chamfer_top, chamfer_bottom, lid_h, lip_h, lip_gap, mount, screw_size, screw_d, screw_inset, boss_r, hole_depth, nut_pocket, part, center, $fn	Parametric box with lid. `size`: `[w,d,h]`. `mount`: "none"/"screw"/"bolt". `part`: "assembly"/"body"/"lid".
shell	thickness, open	Hollows out child shapes. `thickness`: wall thickness (pos 0, default 2). `open`: anchor face to remove (e.g. `TOP`). Uses scale-from-center.

Gears & Mechanical

Function	Parameters	Description
spur_gear	teeth, mod, pressure_angle, width, bore, backlash, center, $fn	Involute spur gear.
helical_gear	teeth, mod, pressure_angle, width, helix_angle, bore, backlash, center, $fn	Spur gear with helical twist.
herringbone_gear	teeth, mod, pressure_angle, width, helix_angle, bore, backlash, center, $fn	V-pattern double helical gear.
rack	teeth, mod, pressure_angle, width, height, backlash, center, $fn	Linear gear rack.
bevel_gear	teeth, mod, pressure_angle, width, cone_angle, bore, backlash, center, $fn	Bevel gear for angled shafts.
worm	starts, mod, pressure_angle, length, d, r, bore, center, $fn	Helical worm for worm-gear drives.

Structural Profiles

Thin-walled extrusions. All share: w (width), h (height), t (thickness), l (length), fillet, chamfer, center, $fn.

Function	Extra Parameters	Description
l_profile	fillet_outside, chamfer_outside	L-shaped cross-section.
u_profile	fillet_outside, chamfer_outside	U-shaped (channel).
o_profile	fillet_outside, chamfer_outside	Rectangular tube.
t_profile	tw	T-shaped. `tw` = web thickness.
i_profile	tw	I-beam. `tw` = web thickness.

Anchor Constants

Combinable with + for edges and corners (e.g. TOP + RIGHT + FRONT).

Constant	Value	Description
CENTER	`[0, 0, 0]`	Bounding box center
TOP	`[0, 0, 1]`	Z+ face
BOTTOM	`[0, 0, -1]`	Z- face
RIGHT	`[1, 0, 0]`	X+ face
LEFT	`[-1, 0, 0]`	X- face
BACK	`[0, 1, 0]`	Y+ face
FRONT	`[0, -1, 0]`	Y- face

Axis Constants

Constant	Value	Usage
X	`[1, 0, 0]`	X axis only
Y	`[0, 1, 0]`	Y axis only
Z	`[0, 0, 1]`	Z axis only
XY	`[1, 1, 0]`	X and Y axes
XZ	`[1, 0, 1]`	X and Z axes
YZ	`[0, 1, 1]`	Y and Z axes

Math Functions

Category	Functions
Trigonometry (degrees)	sin(x), cos(x), tan(x)
Rounding	abs(x), ceil(x), floor(x), round(x)
Exponents	sqrt(x), pow(x, y)
Logarithms	ln(x), log(x)
Comparison	min(a, b, ...), max(a, b, ...)
Constants	PI

View Navigation

Key	Action
Num 1	Front view
Ctrl + Num 1	Back view
Num 3	Right view
Ctrl + Num 3	Left view
Num 7	Top view
Ctrl + Num 7	Bottom view
Num 5	Toggle Ortho / Perspective

Transform

Key	Action
T	Translate mode
R	Rotate mode (Shift = 45° snap)
S	Scale mode

Selection & View

Key	Action
F	Fit view to selection
N	Fit view with normal
Esc	Deselect all
Delete	Delete selected object

Dimension Dragging

Key	Action
X	Constrain to X-axis
Y	Constrain to Y-axis
Z	Constrain to Z-axis

SCAD Language Reference